[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"landing-trending":3,"cve-CVE-2025-37774":30,"landing-articles":77},{"count":4,"next":5,"previous":6,"results":7},266,"http:\u002F\u002Fweb:8606\u002Fapi\u002Ftrending_attacks\u002F?page=2&page_size=3&sorted_by=-published_at",null,[8,17,20],{"id":9,"title":10,"summary":11,"published_at":12,"severity":13,"vendor":14,"products":15},265,"Google Brotli decoder - Remote Code Execution via compressed requests (Exploitation Check)","This control is the second step of the Patrowl response to CVE-2026-111497 (Node2Shell). It complements the first control of 22 October 2026, which focused on the Node.js runtime, and does not replace it.\r\n\r\nWhy a second control\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-111497 is an out-of-bounds write in the Google Brotli decoder, the library that decompresses Brotli (\"br\") data. It was first published as a Node.js vulnerability, because Node.js bundles this decoder. Later publications showed that the flaw is in the library itself. Every product that embeds an affected version of the decoder is concerned, whatever its language or vendor. A public proof of concept demonstrates code execution.\r\n\r\nAny server that decompresses request bodies sent with \"Content-Encoding: br\" exposes the decoder to unauthenticated attackers. Known cases include Express 5 and NestJS 11 on Node.js, Koa and Fastify setups, Bun, Envoy and Istio with request decompression enabled, and any application or reverse proxy that decodes Brotli request bodies with an affected library.\r\n\r\nThe flaw also works in the other direction. A malicious server can compromise an unpatched client that decodes a Brotli response, for example Node.js fetch(), Python clients (requests, httpx, aiohttp, Scrapy) with the Brotli or brotlicffi package, or libcurl builds with Brotli support.\r\n\r\nWhat this control checks\r\n\r\nPatrowl sends small, valid Brotli-compressed requests to each asset and observes whether the server decodes them. The check does not depend on the technology: it detects the behaviour, whatever the stack behind it. These requests are what any legitimate client could send. They never reach the vulnerable code path and cannot affect the availability of the service.\r\n\r\nHow to read the result\r\n\r\nPotentially impacted means the asset decodes Brotli request bodies: the attack surface is exposed. It does not confirm that the asset is vulnerable. The version of the Brotli decoder in use is not visible from the outside.\r\n\r\nThis check covers applications that parse request bodies on their root path. A Not impacted result does not rule out exposure on other routes, nor on the client side. Checking the versions on the servers remains the only exhaustive verification.\r\n\r\nAffected and fixed versions\r\n\r\nGoogle Brotli 1.0.3 to 1.2.0 are affected, fixed in 1.0.10, 1.1.1 and 1.2.1. Fixed releases of the main products embedding it: Node.js 22.23.4, 24.22.1 and 26.12.1 (end-of-life lines 20.x and older and 25.x receive no fix), Bun 1.4.4, Envoy 1.37.8, 1.38.6, 1.39.3 and 1.40.0, Istio 1.29.9, 1.30.6 and 1.31.2, Python Brotli 1.2.1 and brotlicffi 1.2.1.0. Products that link against the system library depend on the Brotli package of the Linux distribution.\r\n\r\nRecommendations\r\n\r\nUpdate every component that embeds the Brotli decoder (only real fix). Start with the assets flagged by this control. Restart the processes after the update. Rebuild containers, single-executable applications and appliances that bundle an affected runtime or library.\r\n\r\nReduce the exposure until the update is deployed. Reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy, load balancer or WAF, case-insensitively and including lists such as \"gzip, br\". On Envoy and Istio, disable request decompression for Brotli.\r\n\r\nReview outbound calls. List the features that fetch content from servers you do not control, and patch the services that host them first.","2026-10-24T10:37:22.192753Z",4,"google",[16],"brotli",{"id":4,"title":10,"summary":18,"published_at":12,"severity":13,"vendor":14,"products":19},"This control is the second step of the Patrowl response to CVE-2026-111497 (Node2Shell). It complements the first control of 22 October 2026, which focused on the Node.js runtime, and does not replace it.\r\n\r\nWhy a second control\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-111497 is an out-of-bounds write in the Google Brotli decoder, the library that decompresses Brotli (\"br\") data. It was first published as a Node.js vulnerability, because Node.js bundles this decoder. Later publications showed that the flaw is in the library itself. Every product that embeds an affected version of the decoder is concerned, whatever its language or vendor. A public proof of concept demonstrates code execution.\r\n\r\nAny server that decompresses request bodies sent with \"Content-Encoding: br\" exposes the decoder to unauthenticated attackers. Known cases include Express 5 and NestJS 11 on Node.js, Koa and Fastify setups, Bun, Envoy and Istio with request decompression enabled, and any application or reverse proxy that decodes Brotli request bodies with an affected library.\r\n\r\nThe flaw also works in the other direction. A malicious server can compromise an unpatched client that decodes a Brotli response, for example Node.js fetch(), Python clients (requests, httpx, aiohttp, Scrapy) with the Brotli or brotlicffi package, or libcurl builds with Brotli support.\r\n\r\nWhat this control checks\r\n\r\nPatrowl sends small, valid Brotli-compressed requests to each asset and observes whether the server decodes them. The check does not depend on the technology: it detects the behaviour, whatever the stack behind it. These requests are what any legitimate client could send. They never reach the vulnerable code path and cannot affect the availability of the service.\r\n\r\nHow to read the result\r\n\r\nPotentially impacted means the asset decodes Brotli request bodies: the attack surface is exposed. It does not confirm that the asset is vulnerable. The version of the Brotli decoder in use is not visible from the outside.\r\n\r\nThis check covers applications that parse request bodies on their root path. A Not impacted result does not rule out exposure on other routes, nor on the client side. Checking the versions on the servers remains the only exhaustive verification.\r\n\r\nTwo situations are possible. When the decoding is done by your own application or reverse proxy, identify the component and update it. If an update is not possible right away, reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy or WAF.\r\n\r\nWhen the asset is hosted on a managed platform or behind a CDN (for example Platform.sh, Upsun or Fastly), the decoding may be done by the provider's edge router, in front of your application. You cannot patch it yourself, but this router handles all the traffic of your site. Ask your provider to confirm that its edge components are patched against CVE-2026-111497. Assets hosted on a managed platform or behind a CDN carry the tag \"paas: platform.sh\" or \"cdn: fastly\" in the asset view: for these assets, the Brotli decoding is done by the provider's edge router, in front of your application, and only the provider can patch it.\r\n\r\nAffected and fixed versions\r\n\r\nGoogle Brotli 1.0.3 to 1.2.0 are affected, fixed in 1.0.10, 1.1.1 and 1.2.1. Fixed releases of the main products embedding it: Node.js 22.23.4, 24.22.1 and 26.12.1 (end-of-life lines 20.x and older and 25.x receive no fix), Bun 1.4.4, Envoy 1.37.8, 1.38.6, 1.39.3 and 1.40.0, Istio 1.29.9, 1.30.6 and 1.31.2, Python Brotli 1.2.1 and brotlicffi 1.2.1.0. Products that link against the system library depend on the Brotli package of the Linux distribution.\r\n\r\nRecommendations\r\n\r\nUpdate every component that embeds the Brotli decoder (only real fix). Start with the assets flagged by this control. Restart the processes after the update. Rebuild containers, single-executable applications and appliances that bundle an affected runtime or library.\r\n\r\nReduce the exposure until the update is deployed. Reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy, load balancer or WAF, case-insensitively and including lists such as \"gzip, br\". On Envoy and Istio, disable request decompression for Brotli.\r\n\r\nContact your edge provider about the status of the pathing (Fastly \u002F Plateform.sh)\r\n\r\nReview outbound calls. List the features that fetch content from servers you do not control, and patch the services that host them first.",[16],{"id":21,"title":22,"summary":23,"published_at":24,"severity":13,"vendor":25,"products":26},263,"Oracle Java SE JSSE - Improper Access Control & Unauthorized Data Access & Unauthorized Data Modification","Oracle Java SE is the Java runtime and development platform. Its JSSE (Java Secure Socket Extension) component provides TLS\u002FSSL for secure network communication. Oracle GraalVM is a JDK distribution based on the same platform.\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-91403\r\n\r\nA vulnerability in the JSSE component of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK and Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker with network access over multiple protocols. A successful attack can give unauthorized access to critical data and allow unauthorized creation, deletion or modification of data. It can also affect sandboxed Java Web Start applications and applets that run untrusted code. The record lists the weakness as CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) in the CISA ADP entry, while another database lists CWE-295. The record lists these affected versions:\r\n- Oracle Java SE: 8u511, 8u511-perf, 11.0.33, 17.0.21, 21.0.13, 25.0.5, 27.0.1.\r\n- Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.21, 21.0.13.\r\n- Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.20.\r\n\r\nOracle published an out-of-cycle Security Alert on October 21, 2026. One secondary source says the fix makes Java distrust eight compromised intermediate CA certificates shipped with the JDK. The Oracle-focused sources do not confirm this root cause, so check it against the Oracle advisory. CISA ADP SSVC data shows Exploitation: none, Automatable: yes, Technical Impact: total. The CVE is not in the CISA KEV catalog as of October 22, 2026, and its EPSS score is below 1%.","2026-10-23T14:12:32.871954Z","Oracle",[27,28,29],"Oracle Java SE","Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition","Oracle GraalVM for JDK",{"id":31,"cve_id":32,"euvd_id":33,"summary":34,"published":35,"cvss_data":36,"is_remote":47,"cwes":48,"cpes":50,"technologies":54,"references":56,"score":60,"epss_score":61,"epss_percentile":62,"is_kev":47,"cisa_kev_date_added":6,"cisa_kev_due_date":6,"cisa_ssvc":63,"attack_mappings":69,"exploits":76},76868,"CVE-2025-37774","EUVD-2025-13032","In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nslab: ensure slab->obj_exts is clear in a newly allocated slab page\n\nktest recently reported crashes while running several buffered io tests\nwith __alloc_tagging_slab_alloc_hook() at the top of the crash call stack.\nThe signature indicates an invalid address dereference with low bits of\nslab->obj_exts being set. The bits were outside of the range used by\npage_memcg_data_flags and objext_flags and hence were not masked out\nby slab_obj_exts() when obtaining the pointer stored in slab->obj_exts.\nThe typical crash log looks like this:\n\n00510 Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000010\n00510 Mem abort info:\n00510   ESR = 0x0000000096000045\n00510   EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits\n00510   SET = 0, FnV = 0\n00510   EA = 0, S1PTW = 0\n00510   FSC = 0x05: level 1 translation fault\n00510 Data abort info:\n00510   ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000045, ISS2 = 0x00000000\n00510   CM = 0, WnR = 1, TnD = 0, TagAccess = 0\n00510   GCS = 0, Overlay = 0, DirtyBit = 0, Xs = 0\n00510 user pgtable: 4k pages, 39-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000104175000\n00510 [0000000000000010] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=0000000000000000, pud=0000000000000000\n00510 Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000045 [#1]  SMP\n00510 Modules linked in:\n00510 CPU: 10 UID: 0 PID: 7692 Comm: cat Not tainted 6.15.0-rc1-ktest-g189e17946605 #19327 NONE\n00510 Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)\n00510 pstate: 20001005 (nzCv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT +SSBS BTYPE=--)\n00510 pc : __alloc_tagging_slab_alloc_hook+0xe0\u002F0x190\n00510 lr : __kmalloc_noprof+0x150\u002F0x310\n00510 sp : ffffff80c87df6c0\n00510 x29: ffffff80c87df6c0 x28: 000000000013d1ff x27: 000000000013d200\n00510 x26: ffffff80c87df9e0 x25: 0000000000000000 x24: 0000000000000001\n00510 x23: ffffffc08041953c x22: 000000000000004c x21: ffffff80c0002180\n00510 x20: fffffffec3120840 x19: ffffff80c4821000 x18: 0000000000000000\n00510 x17: fffffffec3d02f00 x16: fffffffec3d02e00 x15: fffffffec3d00700\n00510 x14: fffffffec3d00600 x13: 0000000000000200 x12: 0000000000000006\n00510 x11: ffffffc080bb86c0 x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : ffffffc080201e58\n00510 x8 : ffffff80c4821060 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000055555556\n00510 x5 : 0000000000000001 x4 : 0000000000000010 x3 : 0000000000000060\n00510 x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : ffffffc080f50cf8 x0 : ffffff80d801d000\n00510 Call trace:\n00510  __alloc_tagging_slab_alloc_hook+0xe0\u002F0x190 (P)\n00510  __kmalloc_noprof+0x150\u002F0x310\n00510  __bch2_folio_create+0x5c\u002F0xf8\n00510  bch2_folio_create+0x2c\u002F0x40\n00510  bch2_readahead+0xc0\u002F0x460\n00510  read_pages+0x7c\u002F0x230\n00510  page_cache_ra_order+0x244\u002F0x3a8\n00510  page_cache_async_ra+0x124\u002F0x170\n00510  filemap_readahead.isra.0+0x58\u002F0xa0\n00510  filemap_get_pages+0x454\u002F0x7b0\n00510  filemap_read+0xdc\u002F0x418\n00510  bch2_read_iter+0x100\u002F0x1b0\n00510  vfs_read+0x214\u002F0x300\n00510  ksys_read+0x6c\u002F0x108\n00510  __arm64_sys_read+0x20\u002F0x30\n00510  invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x54\u002F0xe8\n00510  do_el0_svc+0x44\u002F0xc8\n00510  el0_svc+0x18\u002F0x58\n00510  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x104\u002F0x130\n00510  el0t_64_sync+0x154\u002F0x158\n00510 Code: d5384100 f9401c01 b9401aa3 b40002e1 (f8227881)\n00510 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n00510 Kernel panic - not syncing: Oops: Fatal exception\n00510 SMP: stopping secondary CPUs\n00510 Kernel Offset: disabled\n00510 CPU features: 0x0000,000000e0,00000410,8240500b\n00510 Memory Limit: none\n\nInvestigation indicates that these bits are already set when we allocate\nslab page and are not zeroed out after allocation. We are not yet sure\nwhy these crashes start happening only recently but regardless of the\nreason, not initializing a field that gets used later is wrong. Fix it\nby initializing slab->obj_exts during slab page allocation.","2025-05-01T14:15:00Z",{"cvss_v3.1":37},{"scope":38,"version":39,"baseScore":40,"attackVector":41,"baseSeverity":42,"vectorString":43,"integrityImpact":44,"userInteraction":44,"attackComplexity":45,"availabilityImpact":46,"privilegesRequired":45,"confidentialityImpact":44},"UNCHANGED","3.1",5.5,"LOCAL","MEDIUM","CVSS:3.1\u002FAV:L\u002FAC:L\u002FPR:L\u002FUI:N\u002FS:U\u002FC:N\u002FI:N\u002FA:H","NONE","LOW","HIGH",false,[49],"CWE-476",[51,52,53],"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",[55],"Linux Linux Kernel",[57,58,59],"https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F28bef6622a1a874fe63aceeb0c684fab75afb3ae","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F8baa747193591410a853bac9c3710142dfa4937b","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002Fd2f5819b6ed357c0c350c0616b6b9f38be59adf6",0.28,0.00196,0.09188,{"timestamp":6,"automatable":64,"tech_impact":65,"exploitation":66,"cisa_decision":67,"cisa_remediation_timeline":68},"no","partial","none",{},"FSU",[70],{"name":71,"source":72,"tactics":73,"technique_id":75},"Exploitation for Privilege Escalation","attack_vector",[74],"privilege-escalation","T1068",[],{"count":78,"next":79,"previous":6,"results":80},26,"http:\u002F\u002Fweb:8606\u002Fapi\u002Farticles\u002F?page=2&page_size=3&sorted_by=-published_at",[81,89,97],{"id":82,"title":83,"summary":84,"published_at":85,"type":86,"link":87,"image_url":88},30,"PHP2Shell: Two Critical RCE Flaws in PHP (CVSS 9.2)","Unauthenticated code execution demonstrated on WordPress, Drupal and Joomla, and reproduced in our lab. Patched versions and steps to take today.","2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","cve","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fphp2shell-2-critical-rce-flaws-php-cvss-9-2","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002Fc0615c4ee6-1792684469\u002Fphp2shell-2-critical-rce-flaws-php-cvss-9-2.png",{"id":90,"title":91,"summary":92,"published_at":93,"type":94,"link":95,"image_url":96},29,"Manage External Security Across All Your Entities","Centralize the management of entities, users and external security resources while maintaining strict data isolation with Patrowl.","2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","security tips","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fmulti-entity-external-security-how-structure-governance-group-level","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002F8b2c0cc5eb-1789551467\u002Fvisu_1_multi_tenancy_dark_1x.webp",{"id":98,"title":99,"summary":100,"published_at":101,"type":102,"link":103,"image_url":104},28,"Will AI Become the Next Hacker? Bruce Schneier Answers at DEF CON 34","Tax law, finance, legislation: Bruce Schneier shows how AI could hack human rule systems just as easily as it hacks software.","2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","hacks","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fbruce-schneier-def-con-34","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002F5c616d9db4-1789462598\u002Fai-hacker.en.png"]