[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"landing-trending":3,"cve-CVE-2025-38370":30,"landing-articles":77},{"count":4,"next":5,"previous":6,"results":7},266,"http:\u002F\u002Fweb:8606\u002Fapi\u002Ftrending_attacks\u002F?page=2&page_size=3&sorted_by=-published_at",null,[8,17,20],{"id":9,"title":10,"summary":11,"published_at":12,"severity":13,"vendor":14,"products":15},265,"Google Brotli decoder - Remote Code Execution via compressed requests (Exploitation Check)","This control is the second step of the Patrowl response to CVE-2026-111497 (Node2Shell). It complements the first control of 22 October 2026, which focused on the Node.js runtime, and does not replace it.\r\n\r\nWhy a second control\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-111497 is an out-of-bounds write in the Google Brotli decoder, the library that decompresses Brotli (\"br\") data. It was first published as a Node.js vulnerability, because Node.js bundles this decoder. Later publications showed that the flaw is in the library itself. Every product that embeds an affected version of the decoder is concerned, whatever its language or vendor. A public proof of concept demonstrates code execution.\r\n\r\nAny server that decompresses request bodies sent with \"Content-Encoding: br\" exposes the decoder to unauthenticated attackers. Known cases include Express 5 and NestJS 11 on Node.js, Koa and Fastify setups, Bun, Envoy and Istio with request decompression enabled, and any application or reverse proxy that decodes Brotli request bodies with an affected library.\r\n\r\nThe flaw also works in the other direction. A malicious server can compromise an unpatched client that decodes a Brotli response, for example Node.js fetch(), Python clients (requests, httpx, aiohttp, Scrapy) with the Brotli or brotlicffi package, or libcurl builds with Brotli support.\r\n\r\nWhat this control checks\r\n\r\nPatrowl sends small, valid Brotli-compressed requests to each asset and observes whether the server decodes them. The check does not depend on the technology: it detects the behaviour, whatever the stack behind it. These requests are what any legitimate client could send. They never reach the vulnerable code path and cannot affect the availability of the service.\r\n\r\nHow to read the result\r\n\r\nPotentially impacted means the asset decodes Brotli request bodies: the attack surface is exposed. It does not confirm that the asset is vulnerable. The version of the Brotli decoder in use is not visible from the outside.\r\n\r\nThis check covers applications that parse request bodies on their root path. A Not impacted result does not rule out exposure on other routes, nor on the client side. Checking the versions on the servers remains the only exhaustive verification.\r\n\r\nAffected and fixed versions\r\n\r\nGoogle Brotli 1.0.3 to 1.2.0 are affected, fixed in 1.0.10, 1.1.1 and 1.2.1. Fixed releases of the main products embedding it: Node.js 22.23.4, 24.22.1 and 26.12.1 (end-of-life lines 20.x and older and 25.x receive no fix), Bun 1.4.4, Envoy 1.37.8, 1.38.6, 1.39.3 and 1.40.0, Istio 1.29.9, 1.30.6 and 1.31.2, Python Brotli 1.2.1 and brotlicffi 1.2.1.0. Products that link against the system library depend on the Brotli package of the Linux distribution.\r\n\r\nRecommendations\r\n\r\nUpdate every component that embeds the Brotli decoder (only real fix). Start with the assets flagged by this control. Restart the processes after the update. Rebuild containers, single-executable applications and appliances that bundle an affected runtime or library.\r\n\r\nReduce the exposure until the update is deployed. Reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy, load balancer or WAF, case-insensitively and including lists such as \"gzip, br\". On Envoy and Istio, disable request decompression for Brotli.\r\n\r\nReview outbound calls. List the features that fetch content from servers you do not control, and patch the services that host them first.","2026-10-24T10:37:22.192753Z",4,"google",[16],"brotli",{"id":4,"title":10,"summary":18,"published_at":12,"severity":13,"vendor":14,"products":19},"This control is the second step of the Patrowl response to CVE-2026-111497 (Node2Shell). It complements the first control of 22 October 2026, which focused on the Node.js runtime, and does not replace it.\r\n\r\nWhy a second control\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-111497 is an out-of-bounds write in the Google Brotli decoder, the library that decompresses Brotli (\"br\") data. It was first published as a Node.js vulnerability, because Node.js bundles this decoder. Later publications showed that the flaw is in the library itself. Every product that embeds an affected version of the decoder is concerned, whatever its language or vendor. A public proof of concept demonstrates code execution.\r\n\r\nAny server that decompresses request bodies sent with \"Content-Encoding: br\" exposes the decoder to unauthenticated attackers. Known cases include Express 5 and NestJS 11 on Node.js, Koa and Fastify setups, Bun, Envoy and Istio with request decompression enabled, and any application or reverse proxy that decodes Brotli request bodies with an affected library.\r\n\r\nThe flaw also works in the other direction. A malicious server can compromise an unpatched client that decodes a Brotli response, for example Node.js fetch(), Python clients (requests, httpx, aiohttp, Scrapy) with the Brotli or brotlicffi package, or libcurl builds with Brotli support.\r\n\r\nWhat this control checks\r\n\r\nPatrowl sends small, valid Brotli-compressed requests to each asset and observes whether the server decodes them. The check does not depend on the technology: it detects the behaviour, whatever the stack behind it. These requests are what any legitimate client could send. They never reach the vulnerable code path and cannot affect the availability of the service.\r\n\r\nHow to read the result\r\n\r\nPotentially impacted means the asset decodes Brotli request bodies: the attack surface is exposed. It does not confirm that the asset is vulnerable. The version of the Brotli decoder in use is not visible from the outside.\r\n\r\nThis check covers applications that parse request bodies on their root path. A Not impacted result does not rule out exposure on other routes, nor on the client side. Checking the versions on the servers remains the only exhaustive verification.\r\n\r\nTwo situations are possible. When the decoding is done by your own application or reverse proxy, identify the component and update it. If an update is not possible right away, reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy or WAF.\r\n\r\nWhen the asset is hosted on a managed platform or behind a CDN (for example Platform.sh, Upsun or Fastly), the decoding may be done by the provider's edge router, in front of your application. You cannot patch it yourself, but this router handles all the traffic of your site. Ask your provider to confirm that its edge components are patched against CVE-2026-111497. Assets hosted on a managed platform or behind a CDN carry the tag \"paas: platform.sh\" or \"cdn: fastly\" in the asset view: for these assets, the Brotli decoding is done by the provider's edge router, in front of your application, and only the provider can patch it.\r\n\r\nAffected and fixed versions\r\n\r\nGoogle Brotli 1.0.3 to 1.2.0 are affected, fixed in 1.0.10, 1.1.1 and 1.2.1. Fixed releases of the main products embedding it: Node.js 22.23.4, 24.22.1 and 26.12.1 (end-of-life lines 20.x and older and 25.x receive no fix), Bun 1.4.4, Envoy 1.37.8, 1.38.6, 1.39.3 and 1.40.0, Istio 1.29.9, 1.30.6 and 1.31.2, Python Brotli 1.2.1 and brotlicffi 1.2.1.0. Products that link against the system library depend on the Brotli package of the Linux distribution.\r\n\r\nRecommendations\r\n\r\nUpdate every component that embeds the Brotli decoder (only real fix). Start with the assets flagged by this control. Restart the processes after the update. Rebuild containers, single-executable applications and appliances that bundle an affected runtime or library.\r\n\r\nReduce the exposure until the update is deployed. Reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy, load balancer or WAF, case-insensitively and including lists such as \"gzip, br\". On Envoy and Istio, disable request decompression for Brotli.\r\n\r\nContact your edge provider about the status of the pathing (Fastly \u002F Plateform.sh)\r\n\r\nReview outbound calls. List the features that fetch content from servers you do not control, and patch the services that host them first.",[16],{"id":21,"title":22,"summary":23,"published_at":24,"severity":13,"vendor":25,"products":26},263,"Oracle Java SE JSSE - Improper Access Control & Unauthorized Data Access & Unauthorized Data Modification","Oracle Java SE is the Java runtime and development platform. Its JSSE (Java Secure Socket Extension) component provides TLS\u002FSSL for secure network communication. Oracle GraalVM is a JDK distribution based on the same platform.\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-91403\r\n\r\nA vulnerability in the JSSE component of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK and Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker with network access over multiple protocols. A successful attack can give unauthorized access to critical data and allow unauthorized creation, deletion or modification of data. It can also affect sandboxed Java Web Start applications and applets that run untrusted code. The record lists the weakness as CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) in the CISA ADP entry, while another database lists CWE-295. The record lists these affected versions:\r\n- Oracle Java SE: 8u511, 8u511-perf, 11.0.33, 17.0.21, 21.0.13, 25.0.5, 27.0.1.\r\n- Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.21, 21.0.13.\r\n- Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.20.\r\n\r\nOracle published an out-of-cycle Security Alert on October 21, 2026. One secondary source says the fix makes Java distrust eight compromised intermediate CA certificates shipped with the JDK. The Oracle-focused sources do not confirm this root cause, so check it against the Oracle advisory. CISA ADP SSVC data shows Exploitation: none, Automatable: yes, Technical Impact: total. The CVE is not in the CISA KEV catalog as of October 22, 2026, and its EPSS score is below 1%.","2026-10-23T14:12:32.871954Z","Oracle",[27,28,29],"Oracle Java SE","Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition","Oracle GraalVM for JDK",{"id":31,"cve_id":32,"euvd_id":33,"summary":34,"published":35,"cvss_data":36,"is_remote":47,"cwes":48,"cpes":49,"technologies":55,"references":57,"score":60,"epss_score":61,"epss_percentile":62,"is_kev":47,"cisa_kev_date_added":6,"cisa_kev_due_date":6,"cisa_ssvc":63,"attack_mappings":69,"exploits":76},101098,"CVE-2025-38370","EUVD-2025-22633","In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbtrfs: fix failure to rebuild free space tree using multiple transactions\n\nIf we are rebuilding a free space tree, while modifying the free space\ntree we may need to allocate a new metadata block group.\nIf we end up using multiple transactions for the rebuild, when we call\nbtrfs_end_transaction() we enter btrfs_create_pending_block_groups()\nwhich calls add_block_group_free_space() to add items to the free space\ntree for the block group.\n\nThen later during the free space tree rebuild, at\nbtrfs_rebuild_free_space_tree(), we may find such new block groups\nand call populate_free_space_tree() for them, which fails with -EEXIST\nbecause there are already items in the free space tree. Then we abort the\ntransaction with -EEXIST at btrfs_rebuild_free_space_tree().\nNotice that we say \"may find\" the new block groups because a new block\ngroup may be inserted in the block groups rbtree, which is being iterated\nby the rebuild process, before or after the current node where the rebuild\nprocess is currently at.\n\nSyzbot recently reported such case which produces a trace like the\nfollowing:\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  BTRFS: Transaction aborted (error -17)\n  WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7626 at fs\u002Fbtrfs\u002Ffree-space-tree.c:1341 btrfs_rebuild_free_space_tree+0x470\u002F0x54c fs\u002Fbtrfs\u002Ffree-space-tree.c:1341\n  Modules linked in:\n  CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7626 Comm: syz.2.25 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc7-syzkaller-00085-gd7fa1af5b33e-dirty #0 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine\u002FGoogle Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05\u002F07\u002F2025\n  pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\n  pc : btrfs_rebuild_free_space_tree+0x470\u002F0x54c fs\u002Fbtrfs\u002Ffree-space-tree.c:1341\n  lr : btrfs_rebuild_free_space_tree+0x470\u002F0x54c fs\u002Fbtrfs\u002Ffree-space-tree.c:1341\n  sp : ffff80009c4f7740\n  x29: ffff80009c4f77b0 x28: ffff0000d4c3f400 x27: 0000000000000000\n  x26: dfff800000000000 x25: ffff70001389eee8 x24: 0000000000000003\n  x23: 1fffe000182b6e7b x22: 0000000000000000 x21: ffff0000c15b73d8\n  x20: 00000000ffffffef x19: ffff0000c15b7378 x18: 1fffe0003386f276\n  x17: ffff80008f31e000 x16: ffff80008adbe98c x15: 0000000000000001\n  x14: 1fffe0001b281550 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000\n  x11: ffff60001b281551 x10: 0000000000000003 x9 : 1c8922000a902c00\n  x8 : 1c8922000a902c00 x7 : ffff800080485878 x6 : 0000000000000000\n  x5 : 0000000000000001 x4 : 0000000000000001 x3 : ffff80008047843c\n  x2 : 0000000000000001 x1 : ffff80008b3ebc40 x0 : 0000000000000001\n  Call trace:\n   btrfs_rebuild_free_space_tree+0x470\u002F0x54c fs\u002Fbtrfs\u002Ffree-space-tree.c:1341 (P)\n   btrfs_start_pre_rw_mount+0xa78\u002F0xe10 fs\u002Fbtrfs\u002Fdisk-io.c:3074\n   btrfs_remount_rw fs\u002Fbtrfs\u002Fsuper.c:1319 [inline]\n   btrfs_reconfigure+0x828\u002F0x2418 fs\u002Fbtrfs\u002Fsuper.c:1543\n   reconfigure_super+0x1d4\u002F0x6f0 fs\u002Fsuper.c:1083\n   do_remount fs\u002Fnamespace.c:3365 [inline]\n   path_mount+0xb34\u002F0xde0 fs\u002Fnamespace.c:4200\n   do_mount fs\u002Fnamespace.c:4221 [inline]\n   __do_sys_mount fs\u002Fnamespace.c:4432 [inline]\n   __se_sys_mount fs\u002Fnamespace.c:4409 [inline]\n   __arm64_sys_mount+0x3e8\u002F0x468 fs\u002Fnamespace.c:4409\n   __invoke_syscall arch\u002Farm64\u002Fkernel\u002Fsyscall.c:35 [inline]\n   invoke_syscall+0x98\u002F0x2b8 arch\u002Farm64\u002Fkernel\u002Fsyscall.c:49\n   el0_svc_common+0x130\u002F0x23c arch\u002Farm64\u002Fkernel\u002Fsyscall.c:132\n   do_el0_svc+0x48\u002F0x58 arch\u002Farm64\u002Fkernel\u002Fsyscall.c:151\n   el0_svc+0x58\u002F0x17c arch\u002Farm64\u002Fkernel\u002Fentry-common.c:767\n   el0t_64_sync_handler+0x78\u002F0x108 arch\u002Farm64\u002Fkernel\u002Fentry-common.c:786\n   el0t_64_sync+0x198\u002F0x19c arch\u002Farm64\u002Fkernel\u002Fentry.S:600\n  irq event stamp: 330\n  hardirqs last  enabled at (329): [\u003Cffff80008048590c>] raw_spin_rq_unlock_irq kernel\u002Fsched\u002Fsched.h:1525 [inline]\n  hardirqs last  enabled at (329): [\u003Cffff80008048590c>] finish_lock_switch+0xb0\u002F0x1c0 kernel\u002Fsched\u002Fcore.c:5130\n  hardirqs last disabled at (330): [\u003Cffff80008adb9e60>] el1_dbg+0x24\u002F0x80 arch\u002Farm64\u002Fkernel\u002Fentry-common.c:511\n  softirqs last  enabled at (10): [\u003Cffff8000801fbf10>] local_bh_enable+0\n---truncated---","2025-07-25T13:15:00Z",{"cvss_v3.1":37},{"scope":38,"version":39,"baseScore":40,"attackVector":41,"baseSeverity":42,"vectorString":43,"integrityImpact":44,"userInteraction":44,"attackComplexity":45,"availabilityImpact":46,"privilegesRequired":45,"confidentialityImpact":44},"UNCHANGED","3.1",5.5,"LOCAL","MEDIUM","CVSS:3.1\u002FAV:L\u002FAC:L\u002FPR:L\u002FUI:N\u002FS:U\u002FC:N\u002FI:N\u002FA:H","NONE","LOW","HIGH",false,[],[50,51,52,53,54],"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",[56],"Linux Linux Kernel",[58,59],"https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F1e6ed33cabba8f06f532f2e5851a102602823734","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F88fdd4899ea9bfe6cf943f099fcf8ad5df153782",0.28,0.0014,0.03317,{"timestamp":6,"automatable":64,"tech_impact":65,"exploitation":66,"cisa_decision":67,"cisa_remediation_timeline":68},"no","partial","none",{},"FSU",[70],{"name":71,"source":72,"tactics":73,"technique_id":75},"Exploitation for Privilege Escalation","attack_vector",[74],"privilege-escalation","T1068",[],{"count":78,"next":79,"previous":6,"results":80},26,"http:\u002F\u002Fweb:8606\u002Fapi\u002Farticles\u002F?page=2&page_size=3&sorted_by=-published_at",[81,89,97],{"id":82,"title":83,"summary":84,"published_at":85,"type":86,"link":87,"image_url":88},30,"PHP2Shell: Two Critical RCE Flaws in PHP (CVSS 9.2)","Unauthenticated code execution demonstrated on WordPress, Drupal and Joomla, and reproduced in our lab. Patched versions and steps to take today.","2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","cve","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fphp2shell-2-critical-rce-flaws-php-cvss-9-2","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002Fc0615c4ee6-1792684469\u002Fphp2shell-2-critical-rce-flaws-php-cvss-9-2.png",{"id":90,"title":91,"summary":92,"published_at":93,"type":94,"link":95,"image_url":96},29,"Manage External Security Across All Your Entities","Centralize the management of entities, users and external security resources while maintaining strict data isolation with Patrowl.","2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","security tips","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fmulti-entity-external-security-how-structure-governance-group-level","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002F8b2c0cc5eb-1789551467\u002Fvisu_1_multi_tenancy_dark_1x.webp",{"id":98,"title":99,"summary":100,"published_at":101,"type":102,"link":103,"image_url":104},28,"Will AI Become the Next Hacker? Bruce Schneier Answers at DEF CON 34","Tax law, finance, legislation: Bruce Schneier shows how AI could hack human rule systems just as easily as it hacks software.","2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","hacks","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fbruce-schneier-def-con-34","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002F5c616d9db4-1789462598\u002Fai-hacker.en.png"]