[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"landing-trending":3,"cve-CVE-2026-46116":30,"landing-articles":121},{"count":4,"next":5,"previous":6,"results":7},266,"http:\u002F\u002Fweb:8606\u002Fapi\u002Ftrending_attacks\u002F?page=2&page_size=3&sorted_by=-published_at",null,[8,17,20],{"id":9,"title":10,"summary":11,"published_at":12,"severity":13,"vendor":14,"products":15},265,"Google Brotli decoder - Remote Code Execution via compressed requests (Exploitation Check)","This control is the second step of the Patrowl response to CVE-2026-111497 (Node2Shell). It complements the first control of 22 October 2026, which focused on the Node.js runtime, and does not replace it.\r\n\r\nWhy a second control\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-111497 is an out-of-bounds write in the Google Brotli decoder, the library that decompresses Brotli (\"br\") data. It was first published as a Node.js vulnerability, because Node.js bundles this decoder. Later publications showed that the flaw is in the library itself. Every product that embeds an affected version of the decoder is concerned, whatever its language or vendor. A public proof of concept demonstrates code execution.\r\n\r\nAny server that decompresses request bodies sent with \"Content-Encoding: br\" exposes the decoder to unauthenticated attackers. Known cases include Express 5 and NestJS 11 on Node.js, Koa and Fastify setups, Bun, Envoy and Istio with request decompression enabled, and any application or reverse proxy that decodes Brotli request bodies with an affected library.\r\n\r\nThe flaw also works in the other direction. A malicious server can compromise an unpatched client that decodes a Brotli response, for example Node.js fetch(), Python clients (requests, httpx, aiohttp, Scrapy) with the Brotli or brotlicffi package, or libcurl builds with Brotli support.\r\n\r\nWhat this control checks\r\n\r\nPatrowl sends small, valid Brotli-compressed requests to each asset and observes whether the server decodes them. The check does not depend on the technology: it detects the behaviour, whatever the stack behind it. These requests are what any legitimate client could send. They never reach the vulnerable code path and cannot affect the availability of the service.\r\n\r\nHow to read the result\r\n\r\nPotentially impacted means the asset decodes Brotli request bodies: the attack surface is exposed. It does not confirm that the asset is vulnerable. The version of the Brotli decoder in use is not visible from the outside.\r\n\r\nThis check covers applications that parse request bodies on their root path. A Not impacted result does not rule out exposure on other routes, nor on the client side. Checking the versions on the servers remains the only exhaustive verification.\r\n\r\nAffected and fixed versions\r\n\r\nGoogle Brotli 1.0.3 to 1.2.0 are affected, fixed in 1.0.10, 1.1.1 and 1.2.1. Fixed releases of the main products embedding it: Node.js 22.23.4, 24.22.1 and 26.12.1 (end-of-life lines 20.x and older and 25.x receive no fix), Bun 1.4.4, Envoy 1.37.8, 1.38.6, 1.39.3 and 1.40.0, Istio 1.29.9, 1.30.6 and 1.31.2, Python Brotli 1.2.1 and brotlicffi 1.2.1.0. Products that link against the system library depend on the Brotli package of the Linux distribution.\r\n\r\nRecommendations\r\n\r\nUpdate every component that embeds the Brotli decoder (only real fix). Start with the assets flagged by this control. Restart the processes after the update. Rebuild containers, single-executable applications and appliances that bundle an affected runtime or library.\r\n\r\nReduce the exposure until the update is deployed. Reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy, load balancer or WAF, case-insensitively and including lists such as \"gzip, br\". On Envoy and Istio, disable request decompression for Brotli.\r\n\r\nReview outbound calls. List the features that fetch content from servers you do not control, and patch the services that host them first.","2026-10-24T10:37:22.192753Z",4,"google",[16],"brotli",{"id":4,"title":10,"summary":18,"published_at":12,"severity":13,"vendor":14,"products":19},"This control is the second step of the Patrowl response to CVE-2026-111497 (Node2Shell). It complements the first control of 22 October 2026, which focused on the Node.js runtime, and does not replace it.\r\n\r\nWhy a second control\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-111497 is an out-of-bounds write in the Google Brotli decoder, the library that decompresses Brotli (\"br\") data. It was first published as a Node.js vulnerability, because Node.js bundles this decoder. Later publications showed that the flaw is in the library itself. Every product that embeds an affected version of the decoder is concerned, whatever its language or vendor. A public proof of concept demonstrates code execution.\r\n\r\nAny server that decompresses request bodies sent with \"Content-Encoding: br\" exposes the decoder to unauthenticated attackers. Known cases include Express 5 and NestJS 11 on Node.js, Koa and Fastify setups, Bun, Envoy and Istio with request decompression enabled, and any application or reverse proxy that decodes Brotli request bodies with an affected library.\r\n\r\nThe flaw also works in the other direction. A malicious server can compromise an unpatched client that decodes a Brotli response, for example Node.js fetch(), Python clients (requests, httpx, aiohttp, Scrapy) with the Brotli or brotlicffi package, or libcurl builds with Brotli support.\r\n\r\nWhat this control checks\r\n\r\nPatrowl sends small, valid Brotli-compressed requests to each asset and observes whether the server decodes them. The check does not depend on the technology: it detects the behaviour, whatever the stack behind it. These requests are what any legitimate client could send. They never reach the vulnerable code path and cannot affect the availability of the service.\r\n\r\nHow to read the result\r\n\r\nPotentially impacted means the asset decodes Brotli request bodies: the attack surface is exposed. It does not confirm that the asset is vulnerable. The version of the Brotli decoder in use is not visible from the outside.\r\n\r\nThis check covers applications that parse request bodies on their root path. A Not impacted result does not rule out exposure on other routes, nor on the client side. Checking the versions on the servers remains the only exhaustive verification.\r\n\r\nTwo situations are possible. When the decoding is done by your own application or reverse proxy, identify the component and update it. If an update is not possible right away, reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy or WAF.\r\n\r\nWhen the asset is hosted on a managed platform or behind a CDN (for example Platform.sh, Upsun or Fastly), the decoding may be done by the provider's edge router, in front of your application. You cannot patch it yourself, but this router handles all the traffic of your site. Ask your provider to confirm that its edge components are patched against CVE-2026-111497. Assets hosted on a managed platform or behind a CDN carry the tag \"paas: platform.sh\" or \"cdn: fastly\" in the asset view: for these assets, the Brotli decoding is done by the provider's edge router, in front of your application, and only the provider can patch it.\r\n\r\nAffected and fixed versions\r\n\r\nGoogle Brotli 1.0.3 to 1.2.0 are affected, fixed in 1.0.10, 1.1.1 and 1.2.1. Fixed releases of the main products embedding it: Node.js 22.23.4, 24.22.1 and 26.12.1 (end-of-life lines 20.x and older and 25.x receive no fix), Bun 1.4.4, Envoy 1.37.8, 1.38.6, 1.39.3 and 1.40.0, Istio 1.29.9, 1.30.6 and 1.31.2, Python Brotli 1.2.1 and brotlicffi 1.2.1.0. Products that link against the system library depend on the Brotli package of the Linux distribution.\r\n\r\nRecommendations\r\n\r\nUpdate every component that embeds the Brotli decoder (only real fix). Start with the assets flagged by this control. Restart the processes after the update. Rebuild containers, single-executable applications and appliances that bundle an affected runtime or library.\r\n\r\nReduce the exposure until the update is deployed. Reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy, load balancer or WAF, case-insensitively and including lists such as \"gzip, br\". On Envoy and Istio, disable request decompression for Brotli.\r\n\r\nContact your edge provider about the status of the pathing (Fastly \u002F Plateform.sh)\r\n\r\nReview outbound calls. List the features that fetch content from servers you do not control, and patch the services that host them first.",[16],{"id":21,"title":22,"summary":23,"published_at":24,"severity":13,"vendor":25,"products":26},263,"Oracle Java SE JSSE - Improper Access Control & Unauthorized Data Access & Unauthorized Data Modification","Oracle Java SE is the Java runtime and development platform. Its JSSE (Java Secure Socket Extension) component provides TLS\u002FSSL for secure network communication. Oracle GraalVM is a JDK distribution based on the same platform.\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-91403\r\n\r\nA vulnerability in the JSSE component of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK and Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker with network access over multiple protocols. A successful attack can give unauthorized access to critical data and allow unauthorized creation, deletion or modification of data. It can also affect sandboxed Java Web Start applications and applets that run untrusted code. The record lists the weakness as CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) in the CISA ADP entry, while another database lists CWE-295. The record lists these affected versions:\r\n- Oracle Java SE: 8u511, 8u511-perf, 11.0.33, 17.0.21, 21.0.13, 25.0.5, 27.0.1.\r\n- Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.21, 21.0.13.\r\n- Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.20.\r\n\r\nOracle published an out-of-cycle Security Alert on October 21, 2026. One secondary source says the fix makes Java distrust eight compromised intermediate CA certificates shipped with the JDK. The Oracle-focused sources do not confirm this root cause, so check it against the Oracle advisory. CISA ADP SSVC data shows Exploitation: none, Automatable: yes, Technical Impact: total. The CVE is not in the CISA KEV catalog as of October 22, 2026, and its EPSS score is below 1%.","2026-10-23T14:12:32.871954Z","Oracle",[27,28,29],"Oracle Java SE","Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition","Oracle GraalVM for JDK",{"id":31,"cve_id":32,"euvd_id":33,"summary":34,"published":35,"cvss_data":36,"is_remote":46,"cwes":47,"cpes":50,"technologies":54,"references":56,"score":92,"epss_score":93,"epss_percentile":94,"is_kev":46,"cisa_kev_date_added":6,"cisa_kev_due_date":6,"cisa_ssvc":95,"attack_mappings":105,"exploits":112},14833,"CVE-2026-46116","EUVD-2026-32875","In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete\n\nKASAN reproduces a slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete()'s\nhlist_del_rcu calls under syzkaller load on linux-6.12.y stable\n(reproduced on 6.12.47, also reachable via the same code path on\ntorvalds\u002Fmaster and on the ipsec tree). Nine unique signatures cluster\nin the xfrm_state lifecycle, the load-bearing one being:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __hlist_del include\u002Flinux\u002Flist.h:990 [inline]\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in hlist_del_rcu include\u002Flinux\u002Frculist.h:516 [inline]\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete net\u002Fxfrm\u002Fxfrm_state.c\n  Write of size 8 at addr ffff8881198bcb70 by task kworker\u002Fu8:9\u002F435\n\n  Workqueue: netns cleanup_net\n  Call Trace:\n   __hlist_del \u002F hlist_del_rcu\n   __xfrm_state_delete\n   xfrm_state_delete\n   xfrm_state_flush\n   xfrm_state_fini\n   ops_exit_list\n   cleanup_net\n\nThe other observed signatures hit the same slab object from\n__xfrm_state_lookup, xfrm_alloc_spi, __xfrm_state_insert and an OOB\nwrite variant of __xfrm_state_delete, all on the byseq\u002Fbyspi\nhash chains.\n\n__xfrm_state_delete() guards its byseq and byspi unhashes with\nvalue-based predicates:\n\n\tif (x->km.seq)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(&x->byseq);\n\tif (x->id.spi)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(&x->byspi);\n\nwhile everywhere else in the file (e.g. state_cache, state_cache_input)\nthe safer hlist_unhashed() check is used. xfrm_alloc_spi() sets\nx->id.spi = newspi inside xfrm_state_lock and then immediately inserts\ninto byspi, but a path that observes x->id.spi != 0 outside of\nxfrm_state_lock can still skip-or-hit the byspi unhash inconsistently\nwith whether x is actually on the list. The same holds for x->km.seq\nversus byseq, and the bydst\u002Fbysrc unhashes have no predicate at all,\nso a second __xfrm_state_delete() on the same object writes through\nLIST_POISON pprev.\n\nThe defensive change here:\n\n  - Use hlist_del_init_rcu() instead of hlist_del_rcu() on bydst,\n    bysrc, byseq and byspi so a second deletion is a no-op rather\n    than a write through LIST_POISON pprev. The byseq\u002Fbyspi nodes\n    are already initialised in xfrm_state_alloc().\n  - Test hlist_unhashed() rather than the value predicate for\n    byseq\u002Fbyspi, so the unhash decision tracks list state rather than\n    mutable scalar fields.\n\nEmpirical verification: applied this patch on top of v6.12.47, rebuilt,\nand re-ran the same syzkaller harness for 1h16m on a previously-crashy\nconfiguration that produced ~100 hits each of slab-use-after-free\nRead in xfrm_alloc_spi \u002F Read in __xfrm_state_lookup \u002F Write in\n__xfrm_state_delete. After the patch, 7.1M execs across 32 VMs at\n~1550 exec\u002Fsec produced zero xfrm_state UAF\u002FOOB hits. \u002Fproc\u002Fslabinfo\nconfirms the xfrm_state slab is actively allocated and freed during\nthe run (~143 KiB resident), so the fuzzer is still exercising those\ncode paths -- they just no longer crash.\n\nReproduction:\n\n  - Linux 6.12.47 x86_64 + KASAN_GENERIC + KASAN_INLINE + KCOV\n  - syzkaller @ 746545b8b1e4c3a128db8652b340d3df90ce61db\n  - 32 QEMU\u002FKVM VMs x 2 vCPU on AWS c5.metal bare metal\n  - 9 unique signatures collected in ~9h, all within xfrm_state\n    lifecycle","2026-05-28T10:16:00Z",{"cvss_v3.1":37},{"scope":38,"version":39,"baseScore":40,"attackVector":41,"baseSeverity":42,"vectorString":43,"integrityImpact":42,"userInteraction":44,"attackComplexity":45,"availabilityImpact":42,"privilegesRequired":45,"confidentialityImpact":42},"UNCHANGED","3.1",7.8,"LOCAL","HIGH","CVSS:3.1\u002FAV:L\u002FAC:L\u002FPR:L\u002FUI:N\u002FS:U\u002FC:H\u002FI:H\u002FA:H","NONE","LOW",false,[48,49],"CWE-416","CWE-763",[51,52,53],"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.1:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*","cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",[55],"Linux Linux Kernel",[57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91],"https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F14acf9652e5690de3c7486c6db5fb8dafd0a32a3","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F26edb0a3c99f9d958c212be68b21f1221614dcf0","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F4980162de555cb838f1a189ce7d2cbf5d2e7b050","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002Fa2e2d08fb070fab4947447171f1c4e3ca5a188e5","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002Fb4a53add2fa8f1b5aa17d4c5686c320785fab182","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F2c617848ae6e4f07a3e397f604208c293bbecacc","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F3943fcad7694a7d0b15aeabe7d3cc2a2eb8e92e8","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Fsecurity\u002Fcve\u002FCVE-2026-46116","https:\u002F\u002Fbugzilla.redhat.com\u002Fshow_bug.cgi?id=2482523","https:\u002F\u002Fsecurity.access.redhat.com\u002Fdata\u002Fcsaf\u002Fv2\u002Fvex\u002F2026\u002Fcve-2026-46116.json","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:36018","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:39179","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:39180","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:39371","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:41234","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:41235","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:42919","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:43231","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F6b4dc3181b4bfc5f5fc33ab33b1dc6e15759f4b6","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:44385","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:47632","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:47633","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:47739","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:47869","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:49033","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:59142","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:59143","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:59145","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:59146","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:59147","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:59148","https:\u002F\u002Faccess.redhat.com\u002Ferrata\u002FRHSA-2026:59149","https:\u002F\u002Fcert-portal.siemens.com\u002Fproductcert\u002Fhtml\u002Fssa-019113.html","https:\u002F\u002Fcert-portal.siemens.com\u002Fproductcert\u002Fhtml\u002Fssa-457936.html","https:\u002F\u002Fcert-portal.siemens.com\u002Fproductcert\u002Fhtml\u002Fssa-784472.html",0.54,0.0013,0.02624,{"timestamp":96,"automatable":97,"tech_impact":98,"exploitation":99,"cisa_decision":100,"cisa_remediation_timeline":104},"2026-10-16T15:19:53.952826Z","no","total","none",{"vector":101,"decision":102,"priority":103},"CISAv1\u002FE:N\u002FA:N\u002FT:T\u002FM:H\u002F2026-10-26T10:04:37.590999\u002F","track_star","medium","14D",[106],{"name":107,"source":108,"tactics":109,"technique_id":111},"Exploitation for Privilege Escalation","attack_vector",[110],"privilege-escalation","T1068",[113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120],{"link":57},{"link":58},{"link":59},{"link":60},{"link":61},{"link":62},{"link":63},{"link":65},{"count":122,"next":123,"previous":6,"results":124},26,"http:\u002F\u002Fweb:8606\u002Fapi\u002Farticles\u002F?page=2&page_size=3&sorted_by=-published_at",[125,133,141],{"id":126,"title":127,"summary":128,"published_at":129,"type":130,"link":131,"image_url":132},30,"PHP2Shell: Two Critical RCE Flaws in PHP (CVSS 9.2)","Unauthenticated code execution demonstrated on WordPress, Drupal and Joomla, and reproduced in our lab. Patched versions and steps to take today.","2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","cve","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fphp2shell-2-critical-rce-flaws-php-cvss-9-2","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002Fc0615c4ee6-1792684469\u002Fphp2shell-2-critical-rce-flaws-php-cvss-9-2.png",{"id":134,"title":135,"summary":136,"published_at":137,"type":138,"link":139,"image_url":140},29,"Manage External Security Across All Your Entities","Centralize the management of entities, users and external security resources while maintaining strict data isolation with Patrowl.","2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","security tips","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fmulti-entity-external-security-how-structure-governance-group-level","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002F8b2c0cc5eb-1789551467\u002Fvisu_1_multi_tenancy_dark_1x.webp",{"id":142,"title":143,"summary":144,"published_at":145,"type":146,"link":147,"image_url":148},28,"Will AI Become the Next Hacker? Bruce Schneier Answers at DEF CON 34","Tax law, finance, legislation: Bruce Schneier shows how AI could hack human rule systems just as easily as it hacks software.","2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","hacks","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fbruce-schneier-def-con-34","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002F5c616d9db4-1789462598\u002Fai-hacker.en.png"]