[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"landing-trending":3,"cve-CVE-2026-74632":30,"landing-articles":76},{"count":4,"next":5,"previous":6,"results":7},266,"http:\u002F\u002Fweb:8606\u002Fapi\u002Ftrending_attacks\u002F?page=2&page_size=3&sorted_by=-published_at",null,[8,17,20],{"id":9,"title":10,"summary":11,"published_at":12,"severity":13,"vendor":14,"products":15},265,"Google Brotli decoder - Remote Code Execution via compressed requests (Exploitation Check)","This control is the second step of the Patrowl response to CVE-2026-111497 (Node2Shell). It complements the first control of 22 October 2026, which focused on the Node.js runtime, and does not replace it.\r\n\r\nWhy a second control\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-111497 is an out-of-bounds write in the Google Brotli decoder, the library that decompresses Brotli (\"br\") data. It was first published as a Node.js vulnerability, because Node.js bundles this decoder. Later publications showed that the flaw is in the library itself. Every product that embeds an affected version of the decoder is concerned, whatever its language or vendor. A public proof of concept demonstrates code execution.\r\n\r\nAny server that decompresses request bodies sent with \"Content-Encoding: br\" exposes the decoder to unauthenticated attackers. Known cases include Express 5 and NestJS 11 on Node.js, Koa and Fastify setups, Bun, Envoy and Istio with request decompression enabled, and any application or reverse proxy that decodes Brotli request bodies with an affected library.\r\n\r\nThe flaw also works in the other direction. A malicious server can compromise an unpatched client that decodes a Brotli response, for example Node.js fetch(), Python clients (requests, httpx, aiohttp, Scrapy) with the Brotli or brotlicffi package, or libcurl builds with Brotli support.\r\n\r\nWhat this control checks\r\n\r\nPatrowl sends small, valid Brotli-compressed requests to each asset and observes whether the server decodes them. The check does not depend on the technology: it detects the behaviour, whatever the stack behind it. These requests are what any legitimate client could send. They never reach the vulnerable code path and cannot affect the availability of the service.\r\n\r\nHow to read the result\r\n\r\nPotentially impacted means the asset decodes Brotli request bodies: the attack surface is exposed. It does not confirm that the asset is vulnerable. The version of the Brotli decoder in use is not visible from the outside.\r\n\r\nThis check covers applications that parse request bodies on their root path. A Not impacted result does not rule out exposure on other routes, nor on the client side. Checking the versions on the servers remains the only exhaustive verification.\r\n\r\nAffected and fixed versions\r\n\r\nGoogle Brotli 1.0.3 to 1.2.0 are affected, fixed in 1.0.10, 1.1.1 and 1.2.1. Fixed releases of the main products embedding it: Node.js 22.23.4, 24.22.1 and 26.12.1 (end-of-life lines 20.x and older and 25.x receive no fix), Bun 1.4.4, Envoy 1.37.8, 1.38.6, 1.39.3 and 1.40.0, Istio 1.29.9, 1.30.6 and 1.31.2, Python Brotli 1.2.1 and brotlicffi 1.2.1.0. Products that link against the system library depend on the Brotli package of the Linux distribution.\r\n\r\nRecommendations\r\n\r\nUpdate every component that embeds the Brotli decoder (only real fix). Start with the assets flagged by this control. Restart the processes after the update. Rebuild containers, single-executable applications and appliances that bundle an affected runtime or library.\r\n\r\nReduce the exposure until the update is deployed. Reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy, load balancer or WAF, case-insensitively and including lists such as \"gzip, br\". On Envoy and Istio, disable request decompression for Brotli.\r\n\r\nReview outbound calls. List the features that fetch content from servers you do not control, and patch the services that host them first.","2026-10-24T10:37:22.192753Z",4,"google",[16],"brotli",{"id":4,"title":10,"summary":18,"published_at":12,"severity":13,"vendor":14,"products":19},"This control is the second step of the Patrowl response to CVE-2026-111497 (Node2Shell). It complements the first control of 22 October 2026, which focused on the Node.js runtime, and does not replace it.\r\n\r\nWhy a second control\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-111497 is an out-of-bounds write in the Google Brotli decoder, the library that decompresses Brotli (\"br\") data. It was first published as a Node.js vulnerability, because Node.js bundles this decoder. Later publications showed that the flaw is in the library itself. Every product that embeds an affected version of the decoder is concerned, whatever its language or vendor. A public proof of concept demonstrates code execution.\r\n\r\nAny server that decompresses request bodies sent with \"Content-Encoding: br\" exposes the decoder to unauthenticated attackers. Known cases include Express 5 and NestJS 11 on Node.js, Koa and Fastify setups, Bun, Envoy and Istio with request decompression enabled, and any application or reverse proxy that decodes Brotli request bodies with an affected library.\r\n\r\nThe flaw also works in the other direction. A malicious server can compromise an unpatched client that decodes a Brotli response, for example Node.js fetch(), Python clients (requests, httpx, aiohttp, Scrapy) with the Brotli or brotlicffi package, or libcurl builds with Brotli support.\r\n\r\nWhat this control checks\r\n\r\nPatrowl sends small, valid Brotli-compressed requests to each asset and observes whether the server decodes them. The check does not depend on the technology: it detects the behaviour, whatever the stack behind it. These requests are what any legitimate client could send. They never reach the vulnerable code path and cannot affect the availability of the service.\r\n\r\nHow to read the result\r\n\r\nPotentially impacted means the asset decodes Brotli request bodies: the attack surface is exposed. It does not confirm that the asset is vulnerable. The version of the Brotli decoder in use is not visible from the outside.\r\n\r\nThis check covers applications that parse request bodies on their root path. A Not impacted result does not rule out exposure on other routes, nor on the client side. Checking the versions on the servers remains the only exhaustive verification.\r\n\r\nTwo situations are possible. When the decoding is done by your own application or reverse proxy, identify the component and update it. If an update is not possible right away, reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy or WAF.\r\n\r\nWhen the asset is hosted on a managed platform or behind a CDN (for example Platform.sh, Upsun or Fastly), the decoding may be done by the provider's edge router, in front of your application. You cannot patch it yourself, but this router handles all the traffic of your site. Ask your provider to confirm that its edge components are patched against CVE-2026-111497. Assets hosted on a managed platform or behind a CDN carry the tag \"paas: platform.sh\" or \"cdn: fastly\" in the asset view: for these assets, the Brotli decoding is done by the provider's edge router, in front of your application, and only the provider can patch it.\r\n\r\nAffected and fixed versions\r\n\r\nGoogle Brotli 1.0.3 to 1.2.0 are affected, fixed in 1.0.10, 1.1.1 and 1.2.1. Fixed releases of the main products embedding it: Node.js 22.23.4, 24.22.1 and 26.12.1 (end-of-life lines 20.x and older and 25.x receive no fix), Bun 1.4.4, Envoy 1.37.8, 1.38.6, 1.39.3 and 1.40.0, Istio 1.29.9, 1.30.6 and 1.31.2, Python Brotli 1.2.1 and brotlicffi 1.2.1.0. Products that link against the system library depend on the Brotli package of the Linux distribution.\r\n\r\nRecommendations\r\n\r\nUpdate every component that embeds the Brotli decoder (only real fix). Start with the assets flagged by this control. Restart the processes after the update. Rebuild containers, single-executable applications and appliances that bundle an affected runtime or library.\r\n\r\nReduce the exposure until the update is deployed. Reject requests with \"Content-Encoding: br\" at the reverse proxy, load balancer or WAF, case-insensitively and including lists such as \"gzip, br\". On Envoy and Istio, disable request decompression for Brotli.\r\n\r\nContact your edge provider about the status of the pathing (Fastly \u002F Plateform.sh)\r\n\r\nReview outbound calls. List the features that fetch content from servers you do not control, and patch the services that host them first.",[16],{"id":21,"title":22,"summary":23,"published_at":24,"severity":13,"vendor":25,"products":26},263,"Oracle Java SE JSSE - Improper Access Control & Unauthorized Data Access & Unauthorized Data Modification","Oracle Java SE is the Java runtime and development platform. Its JSSE (Java Secure Socket Extension) component provides TLS\u002FSSL for secure network communication. Oracle GraalVM is a JDK distribution based on the same platform.\r\n\r\nCVE-2026-91403\r\n\r\nA vulnerability in the JSSE component of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK and Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker with network access over multiple protocols. A successful attack can give unauthorized access to critical data and allow unauthorized creation, deletion or modification of data. It can also affect sandboxed Java Web Start applications and applets that run untrusted code. The record lists the weakness as CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) in the CISA ADP entry, while another database lists CWE-295. The record lists these affected versions:\r\n- Oracle Java SE: 8u511, 8u511-perf, 11.0.33, 17.0.21, 21.0.13, 25.0.5, 27.0.1.\r\n- Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.21, 21.0.13.\r\n- Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.20.\r\n\r\nOracle published an out-of-cycle Security Alert on October 21, 2026. One secondary source says the fix makes Java distrust eight compromised intermediate CA certificates shipped with the JDK. The Oracle-focused sources do not confirm this root cause, so check it against the Oracle advisory. CISA ADP SSVC data shows Exploitation: none, Automatable: yes, Technical Impact: total. The CVE is not in the CISA KEV catalog as of October 22, 2026, and its EPSS score is below 1%.","2026-10-23T14:12:32.871954Z","Oracle",[27,28,29],"Oracle Java SE","Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition","Oracle GraalVM for JDK",{"id":31,"cve_id":32,"euvd_id":33,"summary":34,"published":35,"cvss_data":36,"is_remote":46,"cwes":47,"cpes":48,"technologies":49,"references":50,"score":59,"epss_score":60,"epss_percentile":61,"is_kev":46,"cisa_kev_date_added":6,"cisa_kev_due_date":6,"cisa_ssvc":62,"attack_mappings":68,"exploits":75},380508,"CVE-2026-74632","EUVD-2026-64569","In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm\u002Fhuge_memory: fix huge_zero_pfn race\n\nPatch series \"mm\u002Fhuge_memory: fix huge_zero_pfn race\", v2.\n\nThere is a subtle race in the reference-counted huge_zero_folio\nimplementation.\n\nThe fast path atomic logic fails to account for the fact that the shrinker\n(which drops the final huge_zero_refcount pin) can overwrite huge_zero_pfn\nwith the ~0UL sentinel value in shrink_huge_zero_folio_scan() after a\nracing get_huge_zero_folio() installed a valid value there.\n\nThis results in huge_zero_folio being correctly set but huge_zero_pfn\nbeing set incorrectly and thus is_huge_zero_pfn() and consequently\nis_huge_zero_pmd() will misidentify the huge zero folio as being an\nordinary THP folio.\n\nThis can result in the huge zero folio being split and otherwise treated\nincorrectly.\n\nThe solution to this is very subtle as there is an atomic fast path, and\nthus ordering in weakly ordered architectures has to be treated very\ncarefully.\n\nThe first commit fixes the issue by introducing a spinlock around\nhuge_zero_[pfn, folio, refcount] write, with careful consideration paid to\nload\u002Fstore ordering in the fast path.  It is placed first and kept as\nsmall as possible so that it can be backported on its own.\n\nThe second commit is a pure cleanup which reworks the\nCONFIG_PERSISTENT_HUGE_ZERO_FOLIO logic to better separate the persistent\nlogic from the dynamically allocated one.\n\n\nThis patch (of 2):\n\nIf !CONFIG_PERSISTENT_HUGE_ZERO_FOLIO, the huge_zero_folio is refcounted\nby huge_zero_refcount and returned by mm_get_huge_zero_folio().\n\nWhen the caller is done with the huge zero page, its reference count is\ndecremented.  Only a shrinker can set the reference count to zero.\n\nA race can unfortunately occur between a shrinker decrementing the\nreference count to zero and a concurrent page fault.\n\nThis is because shrink_huge_zero_folio_scan() might, if very unlucky, be\npreempted between setting huge_zero_refcount to zero and writing an\ninvalid value.\n\nDuring this time get_huge_zero_folio() could write to huge_zero_pfn before\nshrink_huge_zero_folio_scan() resumes.\n\nIn this event the huge zero folio will be persistently misidentified\ncausing the THP code path to be entered inappropriately for the huge zero\nfolio:\n\n                CPU 0                                   CPU 1\n=======================================|=================================\nshrink_huge_zero_folio_scan()          |\n   atomic_cmpxchg() sets refcount to 0 |\n   xchg() sets huge_zero_folio to NULL | get_huge_zero_folio()\n                 |                     |    atomic_inc_not_zero() -> zero\n      preempted for a long time        |    Allocate new huge zero folio\n                 |                     |    Write valid huge_zero_folio\n                 v                     |    Write valid huge_zero_pfn\n  Overwrite huge_zero_pfn with ~0UL   \u003C--- Invalid overwrite!\n\nThis results in is_huge_zero_pfn() and is_huge_zero_pmd() incorrectly\nreturning false for a huge zero page which could result in issues like the\nhuge zero folio being incorrectly split.\n\nNote that the issue is with huge_zero_pfn not huge_zero_folio, as\nget_huge_zero_folio() uses cmpxchg() gated on huge_zero_folio being NULL\nwith a retry loop and shrink_huge_zero_folio_scan() uses xchg() to set\nhuge_zero_folio.\n\nFix the issue by introducing a spinlock, huge_zero_lock, to prevent\nconcurrent write of huge_zero_folio, huge_zero_pfn and huge_zero_refcount.\n\nThere needs to be significant care taken here to ensure correctness:\n\nThe fast path in get_huge_zero_folio() uses atomic_inc_not_zero(), which\nis outside of the critical section, and means huge zero allocation is\ngated on zero huge_zero_refcount.\n\nThe fast path doesn't use huge_zero_lock, so the critical section is\nirrelevant to it.\n\nSo invariants are required - huge_zero_refcount MUST:\n\n* Only be set in the huge_zero_lock critical section to ensure\n  serialisation of huge_zero_pfn, huge_zero_folio and\n---truncated---","2026-08-22T16:16:00Z",{"cvss_v3.1":37},{"scope":38,"version":39,"baseScore":40,"attackVector":41,"baseSeverity":42,"vectorString":43,"integrityImpact":42,"userInteraction":44,"attackComplexity":45,"availabilityImpact":42,"privilegesRequired":45,"confidentialityImpact":42},"UNCHANGED","3.1",7.8,"LOCAL","HIGH","CVSS:3.1\u002FAV:L\u002FAC:L\u002FPR:L\u002FUI:N\u002FS:U\u002FC:H\u002FI:H\u002FA:H","NONE","LOW",false,[],[],[],[51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58],"https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F105d04edbec83010df5728f74d17fd9c108e7553","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F33192a26cddea7a7e4ca66e5c3eebd36fa8be2bb","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F6024f6d0d9b9ca5138bfc4ac6f6e4bdf616e42b3","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002Fab7e4b407c7f58d1a003134eff3841f303d5ccc2","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F9332b080ad57650d1dc582e54517f9fc78ef89cc","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002Ff3a874a903053c53fb53ba287ea9eacda69c68e8","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002F9c0fd1802ce06d7709f0bae4edeb085288f28764","https:\u002F\u002Fgit.kernel.org\u002Fstable\u002Fc\u002Fb7041ba61c5da4e0b56f9be58cfb87d7689724e4",0.39,0.00129,0.02546,{"timestamp":6,"automatable":63,"tech_impact":64,"exploitation":65,"cisa_decision":66,"cisa_remediation_timeline":67},"no","partial","none",{},"FSU",[69],{"name":70,"source":71,"tactics":72,"technique_id":74},"Exploitation for Privilege Escalation","attack_vector",[73],"privilege-escalation","T1068",[],{"count":77,"next":78,"previous":6,"results":79},26,"http:\u002F\u002Fweb:8606\u002Fapi\u002Farticles\u002F?page=2&page_size=3&sorted_by=-published_at",[80,88,96],{"id":81,"title":82,"summary":83,"published_at":84,"type":85,"link":86,"image_url":87},30,"PHP2Shell: Two Critical RCE Flaws in PHP (CVSS 9.2)","Unauthenticated code execution demonstrated on WordPress, Drupal and Joomla, and reproduced in our lab. Patched versions and steps to take today.","2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","cve","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fphp2shell-2-critical-rce-flaws-php-cvss-9-2","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002Fc0615c4ee6-1792684469\u002Fphp2shell-2-critical-rce-flaws-php-cvss-9-2.png",{"id":89,"title":90,"summary":91,"published_at":92,"type":93,"link":94,"image_url":95},29,"Manage External Security Across All Your Entities","Centralize the management of entities, users and external security resources while maintaining strict data isolation with Patrowl.","2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","security tips","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fmulti-entity-external-security-how-structure-governance-group-level","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002F8b2c0cc5eb-1789551467\u002Fvisu_1_multi_tenancy_dark_1x.webp",{"id":97,"title":98,"summary":99,"published_at":100,"type":101,"link":102,"image_url":103},28,"Will AI Become the Next Hacker? Bruce Schneier Answers at DEF CON 34","Tax law, finance, legislation: Bruce Schneier shows how AI could hack human rule systems just as easily as it hacks software.","2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","hacks","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fbruce-schneier-def-con-34","https:\u002F\u002Fpatrowl.io\u002Fmedia\u002Fsite\u002F5c616d9db4-1789462598\u002Fai-hacker.en.png"]